Ethical dilemmas in social work: A case study

Moral issues in social work: A contextual analysis New Hanover County Senior Resource Center: Ethical Dilemma What are values, morals, moral situations and a code of morals? Qualities identify with standards and mentalities that give guidance to regular living. Qualities likewise allude to convictions or measures thought about alluring by a culture, gathering or individual (Merriam, 2003). Then again, morals implies an arrangement of convictions that comprises moral judgment. Generally, morals are good standards (Barsky, 2010, p. 12). A moral predicament is the point at which an individual is confronted with a decision between two similarly clashing good standards, and it isn't obvious which decision will be the correct one. (Barsky, 2010, p. 6). At the end of the day, sticking especially to one chief may bring about the infringement of the other. At long last, ‘a code of ethics’ is an express explanation of the qualities, standards and rules of a calling, which goes about as a guide for its individuals and their training (Code, 2008). In each occupation, experts are confronted with moral problems. Predicaments at work environments can once in a while be the hardest choice to make throughout everyday life; nonetheless, as an expert we should find a way to move further and not imperil our permit or vocation. As a Bachelor of Social Work understudy at the New Hanover County Senior Resource Center, moral problems are anything but difficult to get a hold of. Depiction of Ethical Dilemma A moral situation happened on November, twentieth of 2014. The customer that this predicament rotates around, is on the Senior Resource Centers Home Delivered Meals program. The program serves home-bound old residents over the age of 60, and they get a lunch Monday through Friday, arranged at the middle nourishment site by a nearby cooking organization (Nutrition, 2015). This particular customer has been accepting dinners since 2006, and in November it was the ideal opportunity for a reassessment to be finished. Reassessments are done at regular intervals to ensure the customers are as yet qualified to get suppers. I and my field educator, Jean Wall, visited this customer at their home. I thumped on the entryway, and following a couple of moments I could smell pot wayfaring noticeable all around coming out of an open window next to the entryway. The grandson of the customer opened the entryway, and said the customer was not there. He appeared to be more seasoned than 18. My field teacher asked where the customer was, and the grandson changed the story to the customer was in the room sleeping. The grandson had red eyes, and was slurring his words, which are indications of weed use. Included with the smell of cannabis originating from inside, it was clear he had been smoking it. Subsequent to leaving the customers home, I was uncertain how to continue with what simply occurred. The medication use in the home could adversely influence the customers in general wellbeing and prosperity, yet is it inside our purview, as social specialists at the senior asset place, to make a report? The Code of Ethics of the National Association of Social Workers, otherwise called NASW, communicates the qualities and standards of the calling. By having qualities and rules that directs our training, this helps our work, and encourages us to act in moral manners. To put it plainly, qualities and standards give a guide and standard to moral practice in social work (Barsky, 2010). The moral norms that contention, in this moral difficulty, are guidelines 1.01 and 1.07. 1.01 states that a social specialists essential obligation is to advance the prosperity of customers. Standard 1.07 part ‘a’ states that social specialists should regard clients’ rights to security (Code, 2008). Standard 1.07 is additionally in strife with North Carolina ownership laws. In North Carolina, Marijuana is delegated a Schedule VI Controlled Substance, and having weed in North Carolina is viewed as a Class 1 wrongdoing under N.C. Gen. Detail. 90-95(d)(4). Partners Each choice we make influences others. Social specialists have an ethical commitment to think about the moral ramifications of their choices on others. Every individual, gathering, or organization liable to be influenced by a choice is a partner with an ethical case on the leader (Barsky, 2010). There are people, gatherings, and associations that can be influenced by the moral choice made concerning this customer who lets their medication utilizing grandson live with them. As a matter of first importance, the customer is well on the way to be influenced by the choice since this moral situation rotates around the customer and questions what is best for the customer. The grandson is likewise a partner. More people that are partners are Jean Wall and myself, since we are the social specialists associated with the case. The associations that are additionally partners are the New Hanover County Senior Resource Center, the Apartments where the customer lives, The Department of Social Servi ces, and The Wilmington Police Department. Potential Courses of Action Recognizing every single imaginable game-plan and the members associated with each, alongside potential advantages and dangers for each, is significant for settling on the best choice with regards to moral quandaries. For this situation, there are three potential blueprints; sitting idle, detailing the medication use, and examining it with the customer. The main strategy, sitting idle, involves not detailing the medication use or standing up to the grandson or customer with the issue. Basically, the members with this choice are the social specialists associated with the case, which are Jean Wall and myself. We would archive the home visit like we are required to, however no further examination would occur concerning the medication utilizing grandson living with the customer. The advantage to this choice is that the customer gets the opportunity to have the grandson keep on living there, which may help in the event that she has a mishap or health related crisis, where she would require help calling 911 or getting to the emergency clinic. The dangers of this choice are that the grandson may get oppressive as an impact of the weed use, and that the client’s wellbeing could be contrarily influenced from breathing in the smoke. The second strategy, revealing it, involves making a report of the medication use to the police office, or to Adult Protective Services. The members in this choice are, myself, my field educator, the customer, the client’s grandson, the Wilmington Police Department, and the Department of Social Services. The advantages for this alternative are that the customer is done living in an unfortunate domain, and that, in the event that the police censure the grandson for ownership, at that point drugs have been removed the road. The potential dangers are that the customer is disappointed and submits questions to the office, and another hazard is that the police can fail to address the medications being in the home, and in reprisal, the customer may need nothing to do with the senior asset community any longer. The third strategy is talking about the issue with the customer, and letting the customer choose what they need to occur. Members is this alternative would be simply the customer, the grandson, and my field teacher. The advantages are that the customer becomes mindful that there is an issue, and begins to find a way to get the grandson out of the house, and that the grandson will know this could prompt a terrible domain for his grandma. The potential dangers are that the customer may blow up with us attempting to get included, the grandson may get savage and cautious, and that the office may lose the customer. Examination of Courses of Action The game-plans referenced already should be completely analyzed. Doing this involves going over the reasons for and restricted to every conceivable game-plan. Alternative number one of sitting idle, involves not revealing the medication use or facing the grandson or customer with the issue. Reasons for this alternative incorporate the Code of Ethics moral standard 1.07. That standard restricts social laborers from sharing client’s individual data (Barsky, 2010, p. 98). Social specialists should regard the client’s rights to security, and this applies to this choice since we would be ensuring the customers protection by not revealing the medication use. Another explanation for this choice is that it’s not in our purview to do, or state anything, about the clear medication use in light of the fact that there was no proof of senior maltreatment, and we could see no real medications. The reasons restricted to doing nothing rotates around the Code of Ethics standard 1 .01. It is a social specialists obligation to advance the prosperity of customers. For this situation, doing nothing would not hold fast to observing that norm. Choice number two, of announcing it, involves making a report of the medication use to the police division, or Adult Protective Services. One explanation for this choice is that it would stick to the moral standard 1.01 of advancing the customers prosperity. Another explanation for this choice is on the grounds that it would follow with my very own an incentive about being against medicate use. Moreover, ownership of cannabis is illegal in North Carolina. Reasons contradicted to detailing is that it would contend with moral standard 1.07 where it expresses that social laborers need to regard client’s rights to security. Likewise, announcing this issue to police would conflict with the moral guideline of nobility and worth of the individual. The NASW Code of Ethics (2008) states that, â€Å"Social laborers look to upgrade clients’ limit and chance to change and to address their own needs†. At last, choice number three, of talking about the issue with the customer, and letting the customer choose what they need to occur, has reasons for and against it. Reasons for talking it over with the customer incorporates the moral hypothesis that the customer is the master on their own life, and the moral head of poise and worth of the individual. Alternative three holds fast to this hypothesis and head on the grounds that

Essay Topics For Descriptive Paper

Essay Topics For Descriptive PaperDeciding on the best topic for your research paper is a huge decision that can change the quality of your work and your grade. It is important to remember the following factors when choosing your topic.The first consideration in essay topics for descriptive paper is the type of subject that you are studying. It is best to go for a topic that is related to your current area of study or interest. If you are currently studying psychology, a topic that is related to the teaching methods of psychology will be a great choice. If you are writing on the relationship between personality and intelligence, then it would be a good idea to include a section that analyzes the nature of introverted or extroverted people in an interesting manner.The next step in essay topics for descriptive paper is to write a brief introduction to the topic. The introduction should explain why the topic is important and why you are writing about it.When you decide on essay topics f or descriptive paper, make sure that your essay topics address the background of the topic in detail. This will help in making the study more interesting and meaningful. The content should also address the main points of the topic in a precise manner.The subject is just the first step towards answering the main question. This is where you need to put a well thought out piece of essay, making sure that the goal of the essay is to answer the question posed by the main objective of the topic.The essay topics for descriptive paper can be customized to suit your unique needs. You can modify the content to best suit your style and skills. To accomplish this, you can opt for software or templates to customize your essay.Although essay topics for descriptive paper can be challenging, it is certainly worth the effort. Be it for a specific topic or for general discussion, this will surely improve your grade and the value of your work.

Positive Impact Of Higher Education On Education - 979 Words

Individual There are many individuals now studying at higher education institutions, such as university, and benefitting both financially and health-wise. The increased wage and job opportunities afforded to university and college graduates are one of the positive impacts that higher education provides individuals. A report by Baum, Ma Payea (2013) finds that on average those who complete a college degree earn on average 14% more than those who have completed study at a high school level. It is also reported that unemployment rates are 1.6 to 7.1% lower in those who study at a college level or higher in comparison to those who only have high school level education. With higher wages and better access to job opportunities, the standard of living for individuals with higher education is improved and with this comes benefits such as more money to invest in not only their own individual interests, but also into local communities. In comparison, however, the study by Stokes Wright (2011) suggests that the cost of higher education in Australia does not support students decisions to study, saying that the cost of fees are often higher than the benefits they are likely to receive from studying at university. The study by Baum, Ma Payea (2013) also reported that those individuals who completed college education benefitted health-wise. These health benefits arose from lower smoking rates, lower levels of obesity and higher levels of exercise in college graduates. This view wasShow MoreRelatedAn Examination of the Goals of Higher Education Essay1168 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Higher education exists to produce knowledge. This mission is accomplished by researchers and teachers, working in cooperation, with the goal of producing educated citizens. It is through research, innovation, and teaching that we improve our society. Education of the whole person was one of the earliest goals of higher education. 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Article Review Geek Policing Fake Geek Girls And...

Despite the fact that the science fiction genre was created by a woman, science fiction is now overrun by people who now feel the need to write articles titled â€Å"Dear Fake Geek Girls: Please Go Away† (Brown, 2012). This article will summarize the works of Joseph Reagle and his article â€Å"Geek Policing: Fake Geek Girls and Contested Attention† (2015). â€Å"Each post about fake geek girls shows that question of attention is significant within geek culture† (Reagle, 2015). To explain this, Reagle (2015) uses Bourdieu’s theory of fields and capital, complemented by literature on geeks, authenticity and boundary policing; this allows the ability to identify the reciprocal relationship between the policing of identity and the policing of social boundaries. â€Å"Finally, the conversation tended to manifest the values of dominant members meaning that, in a discourse started by a woman to encourage other women to be geeky, some of the loudest voices were those judging women’s bodies and brains according to traditionally androcentric and heteronormative views† (Reagle, 2015). In 2009, J.A. McArthur wrote about what it means to be ‘geeky’: â€Å"To be geek is to be engaged, to be enthralled in a topic, and then to act on that engagement.† And what a better way to act upon that engagement then to act on it with other people who also enjoy it. This is where the problem lies; â€Å"although done in good fun, geeks are keen to not only identify the various facets of their identity, but test,

Evaluating Practice Through Theories and Models

Question: Describe about the Evaluating Practice Through Theories and Models. Answer: Introduction Nursing is an art and science, playing a vital role in the healthcare delivery system through the collaborative care of individuals from all walks of life. It encompasses the promotion and educating of health, prevention of illnesses, the care of the terminally ill, handicapped and dying people(Hofmann, 2011). The basis of nursing theory is nursing knowledge itself. Nurses should be equipped with extensive skills and knowledge in order to achieve holistic care. Over the years, the healthcare system is constantly evolving to meet the demands and needs of the sick by upgrading and adopting the best current practices available. One of the reasons allowing such to be possible is by the implementation and integration of theories and models to enhance nursing care. In this assignment, the essay shall explore two of the many different types of theories through their relations in nursing practices(Cameron Leventhal, 2013). In doing so, the theories discussed will be introduced via its historical contexts, concepts, application and phenomena and how it directly relates to nursing practice(Dickson, Deatrick, Riegel, 2014). Nursing theory is defined to be a set of concepts and propositions that allows systematic viewing of phenomena by creating specific inter-relationships between them for the purpose of explaining and predicting(Good, 2009). The application of theories to nursing itself serves as a framework to guide the assessment, intervention and evaluation of nursing care to better enhance standardisation of the health services rendered, improve communication and guidance for research and education(Dickson, Deatrick, Riegel, 2014). A nursing model on the other hand is described as a simplified measure to categorize and organize the phenomena to portray the beliefs, values and awareness of skills and knowledge required. It is a structure covering the metaparadigms of nursing. Nursing metaparadigms involves four main domains namely person, environment, health and nursing. The 'Person' refers to the recipient of nursing care. The 'Environment' is the internal and external surroundings that affects the patient. 'Health' is described to be the well-being of the patient and lastly, 'Nursing' is the practice of the art and science focusing on rendering safe, efficient and effective care to the client through knowledge and clinical skills alongside the associated multi-disciplinary team(Alfaro-LeFevre, 2011). The different nursing theories have different emphasis on the different metaparadigms however, all of which share the same goal of achieving optimal health. Theory 1: Orems Contemporary theory in Nursing In Dorothea Orems theory, the researcher focusses on the self-care deficit model in the theory. This is one of the main nursing theories of the modern generations. The theory is one of the most complex with the broadest scope that are presented in nursing theories(Dickson, Deatrick, Riegel, 2014). The theory is about ensuring a healthy lifestyle which is the central focus for any individual. In this regard, governments will spend many funds in the health sector to ensure everyone in the community is fit health wise. Thus, all activities that the individual engages in will be looked upon so as to ensure they are physically and mentally fit. The initiative will look at taking care of small things in life that people will normally overlook. For example, physically care of the food they eat, water they drink and the air they breathe. They also need to take care of their mental health at all times(Jaber, et al., 2010). Orem continues to stress in his theory that in the event an individual fails to take care of their wellbeing, it is imperative to seek medical assistance. This is also referred to as the self-care deficit. Through nursing, an individual is in the ability to overcome their limitations and make certain that they are provided with the assistance to cover a deficit that causes illness and other mental problems(Riegel Dickson, 2010). Orem argues that self-care nursing theory will look at the direction that nurses will take in their practice. If the main aim of a nurse is to assist patients, then they will be called upon to the direction of helping them meet their self-care need(Jurgens, 2014). For this reason, a nurse should understand the proper systems of nursing and ensure that they are applied in practice. Decades ago, the practice of nursing was usually put on a low profile as being a vocational occupation. However, Orems theory puts nursing practice in the lime light and ensures that proper systems in the practice are recognized and put in place. This makes nursing occupations more professional. When one looks at Florence nightingale for example, she was the first person to bring to the profession the need to have a nursing system. From this time, the nursing profession has grown through various phases. However, in the contemporary era, Orem was able to come up with a comprehensive approach on how the nursing profession needs to be managed in order to achieve required results. To the present, the professions is studied just like any other medical discipline(Register Herman, 2009). In turn, nursing has evolved positively over time. According to Orems theory of self-care, people need to be self-reliant and responsible when it comes to taking care of their health as well as the health of their families. The theory enabled people to interact and learn more about their health(Brown, 2011). Thus, people are able to meet and understand developmental and universal self-care as an important factor in primary care. In addition, if a person has the knowledge of their potential health problems, then they can be able to implement some self-care behaviors. In order to discuss this well, Orem divided her theories in to three parts that included, the theory of self-care deficit, theory of self-care and the theory of nursing system. Theory of Self Care Here Orem discusses the practice of activities which a person initiates and performs in his or her own behaviour. These behaviours are meant to take care of their health, life and wellbeing. The self-care agency is the human ability to practice self-care activities. These practices will be conditioned by developmental stages, age, experiences in life, health, social cultural orientation and other available resources. They will also look at therapeutic self-care demand that are the total self-care actions which are to be performed by the individual in a given duration so as to meet different care requisites(Wangberg, 2008). At this the nurse will use related sets of operations, valid methods and other forms of action. Self-care requisites will look at different categories that emphasizes developmental, universal and health deviation self-care requisites. Also Orem stated that the universal self-care requisites are essentials required throughout any individuals life. It ensured the integrity of human structure is maintained and functioning. The requisite were named by Orem as being Activities of daily living. They included areas such as, provision of care that is associated with the process of elimination, maintenance of food, air and water intake, prevention of things that are harmful in the human life, having a balance in activities and break times. There was also time to be alone and to socially interact. Lastly, the function of promoting human functioning(Endsley, 2010). In saying this, the developmental self-care requisites will look at all the developmental processes of human life for instance, from young to old. They will be derived from particular conditions or be linked to a particular event. In times of illness, there is usually health deviation, whereby an ill individual will seek and secure the much needed medical assistance. They will tend to be aware of the effects and results of their medical conditions. Due to the illness, they will need to carry out medical measures as prescribed by the doctor or nurse. Individuals will learn how to manage their illness and modify their own concepts to include their newly found medical conditions(Dickson, Deatrick, Riegel, 2014). The other part of this theory thus will look at when nursing practice becomes important in the persons life. According to Orem, the practice of nursing usually affects an adult who is limited in the provision of self-care or may not perform self-care activities. So as to assist this individual, the nurse practitioner will act for and do these things for the individual, guide them, support and provide and environment which will promote their development. At this a nurse helps the individual meet their future demands. Theory of Nursing In the theory of nursing systems, Orem looked at ways that patients self-care needs were met by the individual themselves. She identified three classifications of nursing systems that will be needed by the patients for self-care requisite. These included the wholly compensatory system, the partially compensatory system and the supportive-education system. Orem recognized that with use of contemporary technology, members of the nursing industry are able to perform their duties well. These technologies include the interpersonal and social were communication is modified to the health status of the patient in relation to their age. The nurse in this case was responsible in maintaining the patients intra-group, interpersonal and inter-group relations to enable them coordinate(Hofmann, 2011). During this time, the nurse needs to maintain a therapeutic relationship in view of the psychosocial modes of health functions and disease. The nurse will conduct assessment of the individual actions, abilities, needs and limitations. The other technology of regulation looked as factors that promote life processes. In this category, the nurse focusses on psychological and physiological needs of the health and disease diagnosis. At this the nurses job was to promote human development and growth and regulate movement and positions in space(Patel, Shafazand, Schaufelberger, Ekman, 2007). These approaches to nursing practice provides a way of judging deficits in self-care and also identify roles of the patient and that of the nurse to attending to the self-care demands. The steps in the approach are also the main components of nursing practice. In this regard, Orem insisted that they need to be well coordinated with social pressures and interpersonal issues surrounding the nursing practice. Nursing process theory: In this model, Orem discusses three parts, the first one is the assessment of the nursing practice. Data is collected to determine concerns which could be addressed by improving the nurse and patient relationship. The following step would be the definition and creation of the nursing care plan. Last but not least, is the discussion and evaluation of the nursing implementation of the care plan. Goals set by the patients should also be taken into consideration(Carlson, Moser, Sebern, Hicks, Roland, 2009). Theory 2: Florence Nightangale Traditional Theory Florence nightingale is famous for an adherence to what is known as the traditional or the virtue theory of nursing care. The traditional concepts are found in the virtue model theory which looks at nursing as a profession that carries within particular moral obligations. The virtue theory holds the moral influence of nursing care on patients and other health care workers. The application of this theory in the practice is characterized by her contribution to the nursing profession(Alfaro-LeFevre, 2011). The theory is best remembered in the Crimeans wars Lady of the Lamp. Her influence in nursing is far reaching in the same regard. Florence Nightingale was very instrumental during the establishment of different procedures and policies that addressed four main aspects of the virtue theory of nursing; promotion of patient welfare to the physical treatment, nursing duty of care, environmental health and nurses acting in the capacity of the role models. The theorist was very active in the innovation of the nursing practice applications in reference to hospital, surgical, clinical and home based care. Virtue Theory The virtue theory of nursing is inspired by services that nurses should be providing in relation to the internal and motivational values for the patient and the nurse practitioner. The theory discusses these aspects by indicating that nurses need to uphold traditional and social morality when providing healthcare. In this regard, they should also look at the practice of nursing in relation to pre-conceived imaginative standards that were originally defined by Florence Nightingale. For example, in 1893 nurses in the United States had nightingale pledge written by Lystra E. Getter, superintendent of the Harper Hospital in Detroit. The pledge provide ethical orientation like other similar pledges which are not celebrated highly in Hippocratic Oath. The virtue theory has for decades impacted on the duty of care among nurses in a very powerful manner as the responsibility rests on the nurse to be responsible and act in ethical manner with carrying on their duties(Cameron Leventhal, 2013) . They needed to do this with little or no supervision from their managers. Her vision in the field of nursing was to ensure they have professional responsibility which is linked to the life and challenges of the nursing profession. In doing this they have to ensure that they uphold their moral duty as well. To embrace this type of responsibility, it called for a sense of moral agency that is linked to those who practice the nursing profession. It is the highest and the most original aim of a nurse according to Nightingale, because nurse have to be responsible persons and ensure little or no suffering of their patients. In addition, the traditional model with regard to the virtue theory emphasizes on specification and maintenance of quality when it comes to the nursing profession(Grant, 2013). The theorists advocated for recommended scientific methods of sanitation during the early days of her career, despite the fact that the setting was of the Crimean war, which was not ideal prototype to practice various environmental measures. Nursing Model With regards to the nursing profession, the traditional model came up with the following processes and actions. Nightingale stated that the roles of the nurse is to maintain pain reduction through administration of medication. They also needed to assist patients and other significant individuals in coping with the medical condition. In doing so, the nurse should also work with the patient and reduce tension that is related to the medical condition. The nurse should also serve as a liaison person between the patient, the doctor and other members of the family or relations. The nurse needs to make sure that the rights and wishes of the patient are respected and adhered to(McElmurry Zabrocki, 2009). This will happen when the nurse creates an environment that a patient will accept his or her condition with privacy and dignity. They will also help the patient in carrying out care with compassion, empathy, skills and professionalism. One of the reasons Nightingale laid down these processes, was to ensure that they are related to her own personal philosophy of practice of nursing and ensuring proper standards of care for the patient. This is because a nurse is within the boundaries of the practice and values are embraced upon. In the same regard, Nightingale also believed that when nurses are able to provide patients with a suitable environment there will be a positive recovery, which underlies in her theory(Alfaro-LeFevre, 2011). This means that she insisted on actions which bring innovative results to the care and treatment of patients. In some of her literature also, she addressed the factors around provision and maintenance of an atmosphere that will be favorable in facilitating the healthy living and healing of the patient process. Some of the factors that ensured a proper nursing and patient care environment were also highlighted by Nightingale as follows; cleaning, proper ventilation, health, proper lighting, feeding and odors. If these factors were well considered patient recovery process will be possible and with the aid of nature. In the nursing profession however, the concern about environment has been paramount from the day professional nursing began in the nineteenth century. The nature of the profession is also witnessed in the present days of nursing care with regard to the environmental control around the patient. This is the kind of relationship that nightingale envisaged between the patient and the nurse environment.(Cameron Leventhal, 2013) It is also important to note that the relationship is only among the devices needed for the development of the nursing professions. However, this can be added in other devices such as collegiate management, risk rating, training programs in the health professi on, reference teams and the matrix support, companion rights and other open visits in the collective nursing care profession. Lastly, relating to Nightingales traditional concept of nursing theory, the main goal of the nursing profession is to provide assistance for the patient. This means that the nurse should be able to maintain the patients vital capacity and meet their needs in all possible ways. In this regard, nightingale showed that nursing professions is not a healing practice as the patient condition and care will depend on the environment and not the kind of treatment received. Here, the focus of nursing profession will be on matters to do with hygiene and other basic characteristics and concepts of their work. Case Study and theory Application: Madam Lee, aged 80 years is widowed and lives alone in a 1-room HDB rental flat in Toa Payoh. She is unemployed and is on public assistance. She has mild dementia, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, impaired vision and is at risk for fall. She is currently on more than 10 types of medications including, Risperidone. Madam Lee is non-compliant to medication and was admitted to the hospital a few times for hypoglycaemia. She has poor personal hygiene and her apartment is dirty and cluttered. She keeps leftover food in her refrigerator that has turned mouldy and rancid Madam Lee attends the Dementia Day Centre just a block away at irregular intervals. She is aggressive and does not get along with others at the centre. The day centre has committed staffs who have been trying to coax her to attend the sessions more regularly but to no avail.She is referred to the community case manager for further management. The case manager feels is it safer for Madam Lee to be admitted to a nur sing home but she adamantly refuses. Application of Orems Theory In view of patients condition, there will be no chances or guarantees that patient can take care of herself independently which could be applied to Orems theory. Requires home nursing services or a nursing home where her ADLs will be taken care of. A better and cleaner environment will be available that would not make her more ill. May improve patients violence issues when the patient is cared for properly. Moods and behaviours can be improved as well. The case study clearly indicates a patient with a variety of chronic illnesses and is unable to care of herself. This is because all the elements of self-care have been manifested by the patient and can be used across the patients conditions during the processes of maintaining her health. In fact, the theory of self-care was emanated from taking care of adults with dementia and other chronic illnesses. The clinical experience of the above case study shows that challenge that the patient has in caring for herself with her decision needs to be in line with the needs that have been dictated in her current condition.(Carlson, Moser, Sebern, Hicks, Roland, 2009) The clinician should ensure that there is self-care maintenance by the patient. This will look at ensuring the patient adheres to Dementia classes as they will be important to ensure her wellbeing and preserve her health. The clinical visits will also ensure that there is proper monitoring of her clinical conditions both emotiona lly and physically. In her case, self-care will not only look at self-improvement but will also look at different behaviors that could put her life at risk like smoking, eating healthy and coping with old age, given that she is 80 years old with a couple of chronic illnesses(Dickson, Deatrick, Riegel, 2014). At this, the patient needs to be assigned a clinical nurse that will ensure she is able to take her medication as needed. The activities will be imposed mostly by the nurses since she lives alone. The patient will also need to be made to understand that the therapy is important in ensuring that she meets her own medical care goals. This means that the importance of self-care is ensuring the patient has benefited from the reflection about the importance of her behavior and ensuring that she is able to perform the behavior. One of them being to attend the dementia lessons and an on-going evaluation of the effectiveness and benefits of the activities. To add on the above, adaptation of the self-care behavior should also accommodate the changing lifestyle of the patient. There is need to ensure adherence as a very important part of self-care maintenance. The patient needs to adhere to therapies as they form a great part of the outcome of medication. During this time, the main goal for the health care provider or the nurse will be to work in collaboration with the patient. They should negotiate the adoption of as many self-care behaviors as they can be tolerated by the patient and accepted(Dickson, Deatrick, Riegel, 2014). At this, the health provider needs to put more emphasis on these therapies with the best evidence in supporting them. This can be done well through self-care monitoring. During monitoring, the health care provider will assign a task that will conduct a process of routine vigilance of the patient adherence to self-care behavior. They will also constantly conduct checkups on how the patient is responding to medication and therapy and other Norman human behavior. They will for example monitor the patients memory, weight, breathing and acidity level to understand the gains and losses. Other patients will visit the dentist to monitor success or avoid other caries. Monitoring constant is important as it will reveal whether a care has occurred or not(Good, 2009). This can be related to the diagnosed chronic illness or the patient behavior in adhering to dementia classes or taking medication and exercise. Ways this can be recognized is through som atic awareness or sensitivity to physical sensations and bodily activity. References Alfaro-LeFevre, R. (2011). Critical thinking and clinical judgement: A practical approach to outcome-focused thinking. . Journal of Nursing Education, 10-16. Brown, C. (2011). Nurses role in health promotions in school. . Canadian nurse, 107, 20-23. Cameron, L., Leventhal, H. (2013). The self-regulation of health and illness behavior. . London: Routledge. Carlson, B. R., Moser, D., Sebern, M., Hicks, F., Roland, V. (2009). Psychometric testing of the self-care of heart failure . Index. J Card Fail , 10(4), 350-360. CL, C. L., Lung, M. (2013). General principles of asthma management: symptom monitoring. . The Nursing clinics of North America. , 38(4), 585-596. Dickson, V., Deatrick, J., Riegel, B. (2014). A typology of chronic illness self-care management in non-elders. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs., 7(3), 171-181. Endsley, M. (2010). The role of situation awareness in naturalistic decision making. In Naturalistic decision making: (p. 436). NY: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Good, M. (2009). middle-range theory of acute pain management: use in research. . Nurs Outlook, 46(7), 120-124. Grant, R. (2013). Nursing Preceptors speaks out. Journal or professional nursing, 29(1), 30-38. Hofmann, K. (2011). Decision making in clinical nursing. . Journal of Advanced Nursing, 53-62. J.L.Donovan, Blake, D. (2012). Patient non-compliance: deviance or reasoned decision-making? Soc Sci Med. , 34(5), 507-513. Jaarsma, T., Stromberg, A., Martensson, J., Dracup, K. (2012). Development and testing of the European Heart Failure Self-Care Behaviour Scale. . European Journal of Heart Failure. , 6(2), 363-370. Jaber, W., Lennon, R., Mathew, V., Holmes, D., Lerman, A., Rihal, C. (2010). Application of evidence-based medical therapy is associated with improved outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention and is a valid quality indicator. . Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 46(8), 1473-1478. Jurgens, C. (2014). Somatic awareness, uncertainty, and delay in care-seeking in acute heart failure. Res Nurs Health., 31(3), 74-86. Malmstrom, R., Roine, R., Heikkila, A. (2008). Cost analysis and health-related quality of life of home and self-care satellite haemodialysis. . Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - EEuropean Renal Association. , 23(9), 1990-1996. McElmurry, B., Zabrocki, E. (2009). Ethical concerns in caring for older women in the community. The Nursing clinics of North America, 24(4), 1041-1050. Patel, H., Shafazand, M., Schaufelberger, M., Ekman, I. (2007). Reasons for seeking acute care in chronic heart failure. . Eur J Heart Fail, 9(7), 702-708. Register, M., Herman, J. (2009). middle range theory for generative quality of life for the elderly. ANS Adv Nurs Sci. , 29(6), 340-350. Riegel, B., Dickson, V. (2010). A situation-specific theory of heart failure self-care. J Cardiovasc Nurs., 23(5), 190-196. Wangberg, S. (2008). An Internet-based diabetes self-care intervention tailored to self-efficacy. Health education research. , 23(1), 170-179.

Porsche Branding Study Essay Example

Porsche Branding Study Paper Porches was completely acquired by another giant automobile company, Volkswagen GAG in July 2012 and resold 10% of its holding back to the founding family, giving them full control. Porches owns 50. 73% of the voting rights in Volkswagen GAG. Besides selling its own sportscast, Porches also provides automotive financial services, engineering services and consultation services to other automobile companies. The companys revenue has reached ?13. 9 billion with ?2. 44 billion Operating income in 2012. Porchs slogan There is no substitute demonstrates how proud they are about the exclusiveness of the brand. Currently, this company has more than 17,500 employees worldwide. The Marketing STEP Process, (Primp. 2013) The market segmentation, targeting and positioning (STEP) process is a way to define the market, create market segments, and select target customers which guide the company to develop and implement appropriate marketing mix. 1) Segmenting Consumer Markets Demographic segmentation divides the market into groups based on variables such as gender, age, income and geographical locations etc. Porches s a luxury automobile brand, its target customers are middle aged single male, mainly 35-55 years old with high average annual gross income: who are willing to spend money on high-ended and expensive consumer goods. Lately, Porches has extended its product line to the Sport Utility Vehicle (SUB) market which TA regrets the high income family group; as well as the luxury saloon/sedan targeting the business car market. Cryptographic segmentation which divides buyer into different groups based on social class, lifestyle and personality traits. Luxury sportscast are not daily necessities. People willing to ay for a Porches sportscast tend to use it as a tool to reflect their wealthy and superior social status. This is one of the reasons why Porches always advocates on its high quality engines, designs, engineering and assembled materials. 2) Target Marketing Target market consists of a set Of buyers who share common needs or characteristics that company decides to serve segmented by above criteria mentioned in 1). We will write a custom essay sample on Porsche Branding Study specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Porsche Branding Study specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Porsche Branding Study specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Designated marketing strategies have been developed to apply on different target segments. 3) Positioning Positioning statement: Offering high-ended sports car at a comparatively seasonable price among similar market players. Position Map of the vehicle market As we all know, Porches Company positioned itself as manufacturer providing High Price, High Quality sports cars. It is actually categorizing the brand with outstanding and exclusive product attributes. The price range of the Porches vehicles vary from HECK$800,OHO to depending on the types and models. It is interesting that among the high-end sportscast brands, Porches has a very special pricing strategy. Porches Company is actually positioning itself in the high-end sportscast division, but selling its cars at a imperatively reasonable price among similar market players like: Ferreira, Mistreat, Budgets, Zoned and etc. These brands are offering even more expensive sports cars when compared with the Porches Company. By putting itself in this position, Porches has successfully entered the targeted market in an easier way and allow consumers to purchase the sportscast at an affordable price. Besides, there is an interesting fact that the Porches Company is also offering Powered cars on their official website. You could search the used Porches cars through their official website by location and mind if there are any suitable used Porches cars for the customers. This move could help Porches to infiltrate its products into the general public more efficiently. The Marketing Mix, ups Marketing mix is the most flooded word in the marketing field and it is a useful tool to look at how a business is positioned to reap the benefits of marketing. A Marketing mix is mainly described by four units; including product, price, place and promotion. These units support each other and work together to maximize the benefits of Marketing. 1. Product Porches Company mainly focuses on providing specialized, high-end sports icicles. Product Variety Porches categorized its sportscast into several product lines as follow. Firstly, the Booster roadster series (the 91 1); the flagship model established its reputation in the Daytona Racing in the mid-sass and won major world championship sports car races. Secondly, the Cayman series which is a hard top car model similar to the Booster but offering in a lower price. Thirdly, the mid-size luxury Sport Utility Vehicle (SUB), the Cayenne. Lastly, the high performance luxury saloon/sedan (the Ephemera). Product Durability It is reported that for 70% of the cars produced by Porches are now still inning on the road which means the German precise engineering provided an extra long running life. Besides, the Pre-owned cars selling in their official website shows Porches has 100% confidence on its used car. Product uniqueness In terms of automobile design, a OR (rear-engine, rear-wheel drive) layout is a very unique technique. It is very rare for car manufacturers to place the engine at the back of the car, but this unique design turns out to give a physically smaller, lighter, less complex and more efficient deteriorative. This unique deteriorative is a distinctive selling proposition for Porches sportscast to fraternity from its competitors as there are nearly no car manufacturer offering such kind of chassis design. 2. Price The price of a product is a large determinant of how the market responds to the product. The key factor affecting the pricing strategy of Porches is the production cost; the company will be forced to cover the cost in order to make revenue. Competition pricing Porches sets lower price for the products when compared with its direct competitors, this allows them to capture larger market share. The vehicle prices Of the Porches Company ranged from WHISKS,OHO to By offering sportscast with similar specifications, this is definitely a very compatible price range in the market. Even at a relatively lower price, Porches still guaranteed to provide top quality vehicles and maintain its elite market status. Premium Pricing The high product prices can already tell the exclusiveness of Porches products. Consumer generally believed that a premium priced product equals to high quality. It is easy to understand that a HECK$800,OHO European Porches sportscast must be better than a HECK$200,OHO Korean Handy car. 3. Place It refers to the channel of distribution, and how reachable it is to their customers. The intermediaries offer the manufacturer greater efficiency in making goods available to target markets. Distributorship Porches Company is a world wide automobile manufacturer, they sell cars all around the globe, include: North America, Latin America, Europe, Middle East, Africa, Asia and Australia. Just like most of the automobile company, Porches makes sales through local distributors. Until 2012, there are more than 900 distributors across the world offering Porches vehicles. Shop Environment Most of the Porches distributors are located in the central business district or he prime area of the cities. This helps the company to reach the targeted customers more precise and accurately. For example Porches Hong Kong showroom locates at a very eye catching position along Gloucester Road, Wan Chi. Character oaf brand is not solely represented by the products, but also its presenting images. Borschs distributor showrooms are decorated with modern designs and spacious environment to demonstrate Porches spottiness, performance and luxury characteristics. 4. Promotion The German firm spent massive investment in promoting its brand to create awareness among the targeted customers.. Event Sponsorship Porches sponsored different kinds of motorists competitions such as the El Mans, Rally, Formula One, Indy Cars and some amateur racing. And the key success flagship model sportscast, the Porches 911, established its reputation in the Daytona Racing in the mid-sass and won major world championship sports car races. This model has been classified as Porchs most successful sportscast and more than 820,000 units had been sold until 2013. Comparative advertising is a usual method adopted by Porches. The Company used a lot of printed advertisements, they placed these printed advertisement in famous Mens magazines with masculine and stylish tone expressing their exclusiveness, sportiveness and benefits of owing a Porches car. Besides printed advertisements, Porches also made some television commercials when there is new product launch. The T PVC deliver lifestyle and slice of life messages. Customer Relations Porches has introduced the Porches Club globally; it is a community for Porches enthusiasts across different counties and cities. They conduct Porches-related events including club racing, morning drive activities, and drivers education activities. Besides Porches Club, the company also holds jugular Porches Driving Experience Day, which allows the general public to reach the Porches Sport Driving School and experience driving pleasure with their cars. By engaging targeted customers in the above activities, Porches successfully created a bonding with its customers, enhancing stronger brand loyalty. Celebrities endorsement In 2013, Porches has signed the 26-year-old world class female tennis player Maria Sharecrop as its spokesperson. Porches GAG CEO Matthias Mueller expressed that Maria Sharecrop is an exceptional athlete combining top performance in her sports with elegance and power which perfectly fits the mage of Porches. And the charming appearance of Sharecrop can definitely attract Porchs target customers middle aged male. Customer Based Brand Equity (Keller, 2003) As lenience Porches, the brand name itself already represents high performance sportscast, almost all civilized people in the world aware of this brand. However, people will not think of this brand very frequently because Porches vehicles are very high involvement products. It requires a very long consumption consideration period before making a purchase decision. Performance Comparing to its competitors, Porches is actually providing superb cars with lassie but fashionable design. Their sportscast satisfied all basic needs of customers with reliable and durable technical performance but at the same time with a comparatively lower price among its competitors. Imagery General public generally agreed that Porches is a grand master class brand; it is not available in ordinary car dealers showroom showing its exclusiveness. Besides, the Made in German represents high quality and precise. Judgments Considering its quality and credibility, Porches is well-known of its precise, excellent engineering and assembling techniques. The superiority of the rand is also one of the considerations in this area, the unique product design and compatible pricing become advantages that their competitors cannot offer. Feeling Regarding the feeling, Porches sportscast give their users fun, excitement, social approval and self-respect. The sophisticated Porches Company always means the elite status, premium vehicle and a symbol of wealthy. Resonance Concerning the resonance in users point of view, Porches did very well to build customer relationship. For example, there are many Porches enthusiasts who are keen in collecting Porchs sportscast, holding local riving event and build private Porches lovers communities. Not only the enthusiasts will participate in the above activities, ordinary drivers are also willing to share their feeling and experience with other Porches owners. Besides, official Porches club has regular newsletter to strengthen the bonding between Porches car owners and the brand. The Prism of Identity Seafarer (1992) Brand identity could be represented by a six-sided prism diagrammatically. Each market condition gives raise to concepts and methods to adapt to such conditions. When products werent so abundant, one simply resorted to an old Unique Selling Proposition. After the era of image, positioning, and brand personality, we have entered into the brand identity era. Porches Company is now ranked 78th in the Conferee Ranking The Brands Top 100 Positions. Ranking The Brands. Com collects all brand rankings published worldwide and can find the position of the brand. It is compiled on the basis of all the rankings, the position of a brand in the list is determined by the number of rankings in which it appears and takes into account its position in each ranking. Reasonably Priced Porches (left advertisement) In this advertisement, it states Look at it this way, its either an expensive portrays or a very reasonable racer. Porches is actually differentiating itself in a unique position, a high ended sport car, but one can also consider it as a very reasonable priced racer. It shows that both the product quality and pricing of Porches fall between sportscast and racer. Example of Comparative Advertising (right advertisement) In this print advertisement, it expresses the meaning of owning a Porches is different from a Ionians or a Mediumistic vehicle, no matter on performance of the car or the social approval aspect. In the left advertisement, it states that the ours of El Mans car racing exults and Porchs racers conquered most Top 1 0 places except the 8th runner-up. Theres no tougher endurance race than El Mans. stated in the lower part of the advertisement. Expressing that the extra durability and the powerful Of Porches engineering.

Free Essays on Battle Of Jutland

The Battle of Jutland The Battle of Jutland (known as Skagerrak in Germany), fought between the British Grand Fleet and the German High Seas Fleet, was the largest surface naval battle of all time,and the only major fleet action of WWI. The Battle of Jutland played a key role in the demise of the reputation of battle-cruisers, saw the first use of a carrier based aircraft in battle, and is one of the most controversial naval actions in the Royal Navy's long history. The significance of this battle is so numerous and apparent that I decided to explain it in order to remember the great role it played and will play in sea battles from that point on. The Royal Navy started the war with a large advantage in capital ships over the Germans. The Germans realized that they were likely to lose a full fleet in battle and so they decided to even the odds by luring smaller parts of the Grand Fleet into traps to eventually bring about equality with the British, at which point they felt confident they would defeat them. They had planned to do this through careful battle tactics and pushing their large U-Boat fleet to its potential usage. In the spring of 1916 the U-Boat offensive against merchant shipping was restricted to prize rules, giving Scheer, the German Commander in Chief, more submarines than usual to use against warships. One of the tactics used was to station them off the major British naval basses and then entice the Grand Fleet out of harbor and over the waiting U-Boats. Initially, Scheer planned to raid Sunderland to draw out the Grand Fleet, but this relied on Zeppelin scouting and the weather ruled this out, so an alternati ve plan was used. He decided to send the battle-cruisers to the Skagerrak (the sea between southern Norway and Denmark), threatening British patrols and merchant ships in the area. This is when it got interesting. On the morning of May 31st the German High Seas Fleet made for sea hell bent on achieving their mis... Free Essays on Battle Of Jutland Free Essays on Battle Of Jutland The Battle of Jutland The Battle of Jutland (known as Skagerrak in Germany), fought between the British Grand Fleet and the German High Seas Fleet, was the largest surface naval battle of all time,and the only major fleet action of WWI. The Battle of Jutland played a key role in the demise of the reputation of battle-cruisers, saw the first use of a carrier based aircraft in battle, and is one of the most controversial naval actions in the Royal Navy's long history. The significance of this battle is so numerous and apparent that I decided to explain it in order to remember the great role it played and will play in sea battles from that point on. The Royal Navy started the war with a large advantage in capital ships over the Germans. The Germans realized that they were likely to lose a full fleet in battle and so they decided to even the odds by luring smaller parts of the Grand Fleet into traps to eventually bring about equality with the British, at which point they felt confident they would defeat them. They had planned to do this through careful battle tactics and pushing their large U-Boat fleet to its potential usage. In the spring of 1916 the U-Boat offensive against merchant shipping was restricted to prize rules, giving Scheer, the German Commander in Chief, more submarines than usual to use against warships. One of the tactics used was to station them off the major British naval basses and then entice the Grand Fleet out of harbor and over the waiting U-Boats. Initially, Scheer planned to raid Sunderland to draw out the Grand Fleet, but this relied on Zeppelin scouting and the weather ruled this out, so an alternati ve plan was used. He decided to send the battle-cruisers to the Skagerrak (the sea between southern Norway and Denmark), threatening British patrols and merchant ships in the area. This is when it got interesting. On the morning of May 31st the German High Seas Fleet made for sea hell bent on achieving their mis...